Marijuana - Harmful Effects Essays - Entheogens, Medicinal Plants

Weed - Harmful Effects Weed can cause numerous destructive impacts. There has never been a significant test however. The ones they've utilized have demonstrated altogether different things. I have been exceptionally astonished by what I have been perusing. I can't accept the distinction in what various researchers think. One says, ?It's difficult to know without a doubt whether standard pot use causes disease. However, it is realized that maryjane contains a portion of the equivalent and now and again much more, of the disease causing synthetic substances found in tobacco smoke. Studies show that somebody who smokes five joints for every week might be taking in the same number of malignant growth causing synthetic substances as somebody who smokes a full pack of cigarettes consistently.? While in specific spots it is lawfully perscribed to individuals with a wide range of kinds of malignant growth. The New researcher says, ?A FRENCH government study has stored fuel on the discussion over the security of cannabis by posting it as the least hazardous of all possibly addictive medications. It likewise infers that liquor is among the most risky. The investigation, appointed by French wellbeing pastor Bernard Kouchner, was done by a board of 10 French and outside researchers headed by Bernard-Pierre Roques of the Ren? Descartes University of Paris. The board looked the logical writing for data about mental and physical reliance, neural and general harmfulness and social risks, for example, forceful conduct brought about by different lawful and unlawful medications. The group at that point assembled the substances into three classifications of risk. Cannabis was the main medication put at all perilous classification. While alerted that no medication they evaluated was totally liberated from peril, the scientists gave cannabis a rating of powerless for social risk and addictiveness, feeble for general harmfulness and zero for neurotoxicity. In the most hazardous class, they included heroin and different sedatives, and cocaine. Liquor was likewise positioned in this class due to its solid poisonousness, its potential as a social peril and its solid addictiveness. In the center class they set energizers, for example, amphetamines, drugs and tobacco- - generally as a result of its solid addictiveness and poisonousness. The creators bring up that administration's base their choices whether to preclude a medication on its capacity to initiate reliance. They reason that the official grouping for certain medications is erroneous.? These are two altogether different sides. One more online website says, ?Health authorities in Geneva have smothered the distribution of a politically delicate examination that affirms what maturing flower children have known for a considerable length of time: cannabis is more secure than liquor or tobacco. As per a record spilled to New Scientist, the examination finishes up not just that the measure of dope smoked worldwide does less damage to general wellbeing than drink and cigarettes, however that the equivalent is probably going to remain constant regardless of whether individuals devoured dope on a similar scale as these lawful substances. The examination was expected to show up in a report on the destructive impacts of cannabis distributed last December by the WHO. Be that as it may, it was dumped at last after a long and exceptional question between WHO authorities, the cannabis specialists who drafted the report and a gathering of outside consultants. As the WHO's first report on cannabis for a long time, the record had been enthusiastically anticipated by specialists and pros in medicate misuse. The official clarification for barring the correlation of dope with legitimate substances is that the unwavering quality and general wellbeing hugeness of such examinations are dubious. In any case, insiders state the examination was logically stable and that the WHO surrendered to political weight. It is comprehended that guides from the US National Institute on Drug Abuse and the UN International Drug Control Program cautioned the WHO that it would give way to the schemes of gatherings crusading to sanction cannabis. One individual from the master board which drafted the report, says: according to a few, any such examination is equivalent to a contention for cannabis authorization. Another part, Billy Martin of the Medical College of Virginia in Richmond, says that some WHO authorities went crazy when they saw the draft report. The spilled variant of the avoided area expresses that the explanation behind creation the examinations was not to advance one medication over another yet rather to limit the twofold

Lbj Paper

Nicole Curtis 4/15/10 APUS: LBJ DBQ Essay President Lyndon B. Johnson and his organization passed a few enactments and bolstered numerous projects that endeavored to fix the various political, monetary, and social issues of the United States during the 1960s. His organization reacted to a large portion of the issues adequately, however with the issue of social liberties, for instance, they didn’t consistently fix the issues as well as could be expected. In any case, in particular was his assault on the â€Å"war on destitution. Acts, similar to the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, helped residents of the US through assaulting the â€Å"war on poverty† and making open doors for the offspring of things to come. Minorities, similar to African Americans, experienced difficulty increasing political force. Basically, blacks were battling for their insurance to cast a ballot and an expansion in their impact in legislative issues. For example, some African Americans got toget her and made â€Å"freedom organizations† known as the Black Panther Party so as to speak to their quality and pride of their way of life (doc. C).They didn’t have any authentic triumphs in their battle for their political rights. Johnson and his organization, in this way, conceded the 24th amendment. This disallowed the survey charge which was a prejudicial expense that was required so as to practice the capacity to cast a ballot. Likewise, the Voting Rights Act was passed in 1965, which prohibited the prejudicial democratic practices that were answerable for the disappointment of African Americans in the US. These laws and his help for blacks’ rights were unequivocally persuasive and gainful to the United States. LBJ’s (Lyndon B.Johnson’s) most persuasive reaction to the issues of the United States was in his reaction to the â€Å"war on neediness. † The projects that he passed helped the neediness issue through its affordable and social p art. Monetarily, his projects helped cash into the economy and improved the training for residents with the goal that they could get more cash-flow in their future. Socially, it improved the states of the urban communities just as diminishing the hole between the rich and poor by intensely helping poor people. In particular, he helped in with the medicinal services worry for United States residents (doc.A). Medicare and Medicaid were made which gave government help to the old and poor for doctor al costs. Likewise the Economic Opportunity Act improved and expanded the quantity of instructive projects, offered cash to the adolescent through Job Corps, and offered volunteers to grieved networks to offer instructive and social types of assistance (doc. B). The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 and the Model Cities Program additionally were shaped during Johnson’s administration. The Model Cities Program redeveloped the urban city. This endeavored to improve the cond itions for the poor who lived in the city.Prior to Johnson’s help, numerous individuals felt â€Å"†¦sick of ‘poor’ individuals demonstrations†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (doc. G). Thus, Johnson’s fundamental objective was to improve the destitution issue in the US which he did effectively. Somewhere in the range of 1960 and 1970, the level of non-whites that fell underneath destitution level diminished from 53. 3% to 32. 0% (doc. H). Additionally the level of whites that fell beneath the destitution line diminished from 18. 1% to 9. 9% during the 60s. Plainly, his projects were powerful. Socially, blacks had numerous issues with respect to their human and social equality. They kept on battling for them all through the 60s.Johnson bolstered this and passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964. This bit of enactment banned the utilization of inconsistent voter prerequisites and isolation in schools, work, and open spots. He additionally encouraged the March on Washington. He, just as Governor Wallace of Alabama, federalized the Alabama National Guard, and sent an extra 2200 soldiers from the U. S. Armed force to ensure the marchers. His wide help for the social liberties development was incredible, yet at the same time numerous blacks were being victimized because of the absence of implementation of the Civil Rights Act in explicit areas.His organization had the capacity to do extraordinary things, yet they just did beneficial things in light of the social liberties issue. Lyndon B. Johnson and his organization, â€Å"[made] it workable for each offspring of each shading to experience childhood in a pleasant house, to have a strong breakfast, to go to a respectable school, and to get a decent and enduring job† (doc. F). Johnson did this through his numerous fruitful projects like the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964. He fixed a significant number of the political, financial, and social issues of the US during the 60s viably.

Have antitrust laws failed to safeguard the consumers from the Essay

Have antitrust laws neglected to shield the customers from the ramifications of the megamergers - Essay Example Antitrust arrangement has experienced unimaginable change over the twentieth century as the business sectors have. All things considered antitrust laws control how firms reach and continue their market power, they don't preclude restraining infrastructure. In this paper first I will talk about the principle antitrust resolutions with respect to mergers, at that point I will represent how the understanding of these rules have changed after some time. At last I will take a gander at the requirement of antitrust and will show the cases wherein antitrust laws disallow the imposing business model force. Recognize that most of restraining infrastructures wind up being damaging for the general public, it isn't generally the situation, accordingly we need to consider every occasion dependent on its own benefits. Antitrust alludes to an assemblage of laws that attention on disheartening the convergence of corporate force as practiced by barely any organizations inside explicit ventures. Basically, these laws are vital in denying unlawful strategic policies that now and again deny buyers the advantages related with rivalry. Accordingly, purchasers on occasion are charged more significant expenses for various items and administrations having mediocre characteristics. In the United States the government antitrust laws are authorized by the Department of Justice (DoJ) and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). For this situation, antitrust approaches start from the conviction that the size of the organization decides its degree of rivalry according to other littler organizations inside a similar market. For example, there is conviction that huge organizations develop on the stage that they control exchange of their rivals. Such organizations utilize their sheer sizes to hurt the littler contenders, in this manner, the antitrust controllers are increasingly cautious on Mergers and Acquisitions (Areeda and Herbert 5). There has been expanding consideration towards examine on different structures, control and collaboration between various firms that leads towards

Raising The Minimum Wage is Bad - Free Essay Example

In the state of Arkansas this past November on the voting ballot was the choice for citizens to vote for the raising of the minimum wage to $11.00/hr over the next three years. At first glance, someone might think that this is a very good change but when taking a deeper look into the subject, it will reveal a lot of consequences that will cause a lot of trouble over time. Cost of living is going to rise, businesses will be less likely to hire when needed, unemployment numbers will rise and simple things such as a hamburger at McDonalds will go up.. Right now the minimum wage in the southern United States averages around $8.00/hr.(LaborLawCenter) This is the reason why housing is so much cheaper in the south than living in California where the minimum wage is $12.00 or New York where it is $11.00. Now imagine this, Arkansas having the same minimum wage as New York. There are four major entities that affect cost of living; housing, taxes, healthcare, food. The average rent for a 1,000 sq.ft. apartment is roughly $3500 where the same size apartment will run you around $800 in Arkansas (RentCafe.com). Housing cost 379% more in New York when compared to Arkansas. Health insurance rates will skyrocket as well. The average health insurance for Arkansas is right around $2800 (Valuepenguin.com) with New York coming in over double the price with at $6800.(Empirecenter.org) When businesses raise minimum wage, theyre also having to give raises to the employees who make more than minimum wage. Who wants to go to a four year school, spend thousands of dollars for classes and then come out making $15/hr for a nursing job when they could go flip burgers at the local burger joint for $11 and not be liable for someones life? When employees get raises, then the cost of goods rise as well affecting the overall cost of living. Along with cost of living going up, there will be a rise in the unemployment rate as well. It is really simple economics when it comes to this aspect of raising the minimum wage. Non-skilled labor jobs are easy to come by. An employer will pay X amount to this position. When the wage gets over that threshold, the employer will be less likely to hire for this position. What this equals is that position going away altogether instead of being paid a lower wage. Now that job along with the services it provided are gone. Economist Richard Vedder quotes If the price of something rises, people buy less of it including labor. Thus governmental interferences such as minimum-wage laws lower the quantity of labor demanded. What he is saying is basically clarifying what is written above. In February 2017, Wendys CEO Bob Wright states there is a 4% increase in wages across the board in his company. First, they could cut margins, but with an 8% margin, thats unlikely. The second option is to raise prices. Given how price-sensitive consumers are these days, that too is a non-starter. Finally, the firm could reduce the amount of labor they use and thats exactly what they did. Wendys eliminated 31 hours of labor per location, per week.(businessinsider.com) Now, the whole purpose of raising the minimum wage was really aimed at this market of employees which is the non-skilled jobs. Well, now that they have cut hours but the business is open so what now. Wendys CIO David Trimm states they will be installing automated ordering kiosk into 16% of their stores by the end of 2017 and their machines would paid off in a two year time frame because of the savings by reducing wages. Wendys is not the only one going to the automated route. McDonalds is going the automated route also specifically in the New York and Seattle Markets.(businessinsider.com) Why those markets? Because they have some of the highest minimum wages in the nation. As long as states continue to raise minimum wage, these low skilled jobs will be killed off. In a survey of 1,213 businesses and human resources professionals, 38% of employers who currently pay minimum wage said they would lay off some employees if the minimum wage was raised to $10.10.(https://minimum-wage.procon.org) Thats not even $11.00 an hour or an even higher wage as some think it should be. Taking an educated guess, that number would be pushing 50% at $11.00. If there is a company ten employees making minimum wage at $10.10, that is $404 a week. Going up to $11 would mean an additional $36 a week. Given that employee is full time and works a full forty hour work week. They would make an additional $1,872 a year for one employee. Now the company has ten employees, that is a humongous increase of nearly $19,000. Depending on the business, that could be the entire budget for the year. Now that company is having to layoff to afford to pay rent, utilities, and insurance on their building. For a small business paying ten high school kids $8.50/hr for 17 hours a week. That is $1,445 per week and $75,140 for the year. With the increase to $11/hr that yearly figure now goes up a whopping $22,100 for the year. The employer is going to cut hours and/or employees to get that cost back down to a manageable figure. Minimum wage jobs are aimed at students and young adults that are making money while furthering their education. 50.4% of all minimum wage jobs are held by kids and young adults aging from 16 24. Most employers are going to be less likely to hire a 16 year old high school student for $11/hr that they deem worthy of $8.50/hr. There is a catch phrase used commonly when talking about minimum wage and thats you cant raise a family on minimum wage Minimum wage was not designed to raise a family on. It was created in 1938 by President Roosevelt and was intended to deliver fairer labor standards throughout the country(historynewsnetwork.org) The unemployment rate for ages 16-19 is roughly 20%. Increasing the minimum wage is only going to make this number go up. A lot lower than other groups proving that a high minimum wage is causing employers to not hire unskilled workers. In 2009 when Chicago raised their minimum wage, there was a 9% spike in teenage unemployment in three months. According to a study by Thomas A. Mroz, PhD, and Timothy H. Savage, PhD, for the Employment Policies Institute, those experiencing unemployment at an early age have years of lower earnings and an increased likelihood of unemployment ahead of them. Teenagers and young adults need jobs at their age to teach them life values like going to work when you really do not want to. Getting along with co-workers when times are rough. The feeling of accomplishment of finishing a project or situation at a job. Without these, there would be a lot more unemployed teenagers which is only going to lead to higher crime rates and more unemployed adults. The last example of why a higher minimum wage is bad is the cost of goods will increase. Other than automation which was discussed earlier the establishment is going to pass the rising labor cost onto the consumer at a 100%. Higher wages in hotels are going to cause an increase in guest rooms and meeting rooms. A simple cup of coffee in Oakland, CA rose 10-20% when the rate was increased to $12.25. When the minimum wage was raised to $10 in Chicago, a cup of coffee jumped 6.7%(NBCNews.com). Hamburgers are either going to increase in price or the size of the patty is going to decrease to help offset the labor cost. In closing, there have been several examples discussed of why raising the minimum wage is not a great idea. It is not designed to live on nor provide a family. It will only make the poor poorer and not what the pushers are saying. It will push employers to either lay off workers or close up business completely. Teenagers are less likely to find work which will lead to higher dropout rates of school, higher crime rates and even more of a percentage of citizens unemployed and living in poverty followed by the skyrocketing of the cost of living in general. The minimum wage should be used as a floor of wages and not as something to live by. Work Cited 2019 Minimum Wage Rates by State. Labor Law Education Center: Learn About Labor Laws in Your State, www.laborlawcenter.com/state-minimum-wage-rates/. Little Rock, AR Rental Market Trends. Apartments for Rent RENTCaf, www.rentcafe.com/average-rent-market-trends/us/ar/little-rock/. Cost of Living Comparison: Compare Spokane, Washington to Rancho San Diego, California, www.bestplaces.net/cost-of-living/little-rock-ar/new-york-ny/81000. NY Health Insurance Costs Surge. Empire Center for Public Policy, www.empirecenter.org/publications/new-yorks-health-insurance-costs-surge/. Kwak, James. The Curse of Econ 101. The Atlantic, Atlantic Media Company, 14 Jan. 2017, www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2017/01/economism-and-the-minimum-wage/513 155/. Research, Garret/Galland. Minimum Wage Hikes Are Causing Businesses to Cut Jobs. Business Insider, Business Insider, 16 Mar. 2017, www.businessinsider.com/minimum-wage-leads-to-job-losses-2017-3. Goddard, Alexander. Why Was the Minimum Wage First Established? History News Network, historynewsnetwork.org/article/164635. Flows, Capital. Lets Eliminate The Minimum Wage For Teenagers. Forbes, Forbes Magazine, 7 Apr. 2014, www.forbes.com/sites/realspin/2014/04/07/lets-eliminate-the-minimum-wage-for-teenag ers/#1a7ce3377255. The Long-Term Effects of Youth Unemployment. Employment Policies Institute, www.epionline.org/studies/r51/. Cost of Cup of Coffee Often Climbs After Minimum Wage Hikes. NBCNews.com, NBCUniversal News Group, www.nbcnews.com/business/consumer/cost-cup-coffee-climbs-after-minimum-wage-hik es-n394076.

What s The Whole Point Of School Uniforms - 801 Words

What’s the whole point of school uniforms? Do we really need to spend billions of dollars on them? Let’s express our style with the clothes and the colors we wear by getting rid of school uniforms! School uniforms make the school plain and we need to express our own style, make it colorful! School uniforms don’t change the way people act, and you can still bully others. Proponents say that school uniforms are an advantage on how to judge an intruder, but opponents say that school uniforms are a disadvantage on how to express your style. We should get rid of these uniforms. Is spending billions of dollars on school uniforms worth it? Is it gonna make a difference to the school? According to procon.org, Americans spend around 1 billion dollars on school uniforms.. Is that worth it? Students would rather have a little fun at school than suffer the price of school uniforms. School uniforms don’t even judge if an intruder is on campus. So why make the parents s uffer from not being able to pay the money for school uniforms.? According to greatschools.org, it would be hard for poor families to pay for school uniforms. So why would you have to basically pay to go to school? If you don’t pay then you’ll probably not be able to go to school and that’ll make parents mad. School uniforms shouldn’t stop you from expressing your style and colors. If you were to be put into the principal shoe’s, would you have school uniforms? The cost of uniforms take away students freedom to expressShow MoreRelatedEssay about School Uniforms Save Time718 Words   |  3 Pagesto head to school. You have to wake up every day the moment that alarm goes off or else you’re toast. If you are late again, your school record is sure to take a hit. But wait†¦ what are you going to wear? Is this a dilemma you face each morning? Do you have trouble wanting to get out of your bed, and then faced with the troubling question of wh at cool, clean, unwrinkled outfit you should wear that day? This is where school uniforms come in. Don’t you think that just slapping on a uniform would be muchRead MoreWhy School Uniforms Should Be Required1333 Words   |  6 Pages The Need for School Uniforms School is a place to learn, grow and acquire the necessary fundamentals to become a productive adult in society. I believe school uniformity create an environment where kids can learn and focus on their education. School uniforms should be required in grades pre-kindergarten to twelfth grade. I recognize that school uniforms create structure and discipline, equality and a sense of belonging amongst each other, and lastly school uniforms are cost effective. There haveRead MoreSchool Uniforms Should Not Be Banned1440 Words   |  6 PagesSchool uniforms began in the sixteenth century. England was the first to use school uniforms. The uniforms were for the poor children attending charity schools to distinguish them from the other students. Three hundred years later, better English schools were making the students wear school uniforms. The controversy for school uniforms in American schools began in the nineteen eighties (â€Å"History†, n.d.). Although school uniforms were found in private schools, in nineteen eighty seven the first publicRead MoreWhy Emigration Is A Better Idea Than Moral Suasion1479 Words   |  6 Pagessuasion were two concepts that were big controversies in the nineteenth century and early twentieth century. A school of thought asserted that all blacks should emigrate to Africa. However, the other group opposed this idea and rather used moral suasion to support their opinion. They encouraged blacks to stay, but behave in an appropriate manner and not cause trouble. I side with the former school of thought and believe that emigration is a better idea than moral suasion. In this context, emigration isRead MoreThe Leadership Challenge Of General George S. Patton During World War II Essay1440 Words   |  6 Pagesof war. Both the American Civil War and World War II showed what was possible through good leadership. From abolishing slavery and preserving the Union, to fighting tyranny and oppression abroad, both events in American history had a profound impact on all those involved. The impact would most certainly be different if not for the leadership of Colonel Lawrence Chamberlain of the Union Army during the Civil War and General George S. Patton during World War II. Both leaders possessed the 5 practicesRead More Dress Codes and School Uniforms Essay1709 Words   |  7 PagesDress Codes and School Uniforms The ringing of the alarm clock that is placed conveniently beside your bed wakes you. The sound startles your brain into getting out of your warm, cozy bed. It is time to go to school. You must wake up now in order to make it on time. If you are late again, your teacher will probably give you that nasty look of dismissal. What are you going to wear? Is this a dilemma you face each morning? Do you have trouble wanting to get out of your bed, and then you areRead More PIE CHART - Data Visualization for Businesses Essay899 Words   |  4 Pagesrepresentation must be visually appealing and easy to understand. By keeping it simple, it allows the broadest number of users to interpret the data, gain insights as to its meaning and facilitate communication on the data ultimately to solve the company ¡Ã‚ ¦s problem. Data visualization is the use of interactive, sensory representations, typically visual, of abstract data to reinforce cognition. (Wikipedia.org, 2005) That in itself is a method or technique of decision-making. To further break it down, theRead MoreShould School Dress Code Be Enforced? Public Schools?1285 Words   |  6 Pagesproblem†, but to the average high school student, gaining the freedom ‘no dress code’ grants is incredible. The fact of the matter is, the rigid enforcement of student dress code h as gone too far in today s society and dehumanizes us as citizens. Although school dress code attempts to promote modesty and protection, it also reinforces gender inequality, smothers individualism, is unconstitutional, and should not be enforced in public schools. I agree with few school dress code standards such asRead MoreWhat Is the Importance of Uniformity Essay1027 Words   |  5 Pageswhat is the importance of uniformity ,dress right dress, and discipline in the army? the importance of uniformity is to make everyone become and look equal. there are no differences between us, no separation because we are all a team. what is the point of uniformity, when a whole platoon is uniformed it shows discipline and being in uniform is one of the things that is part of the foundation of the army. Without uniformity there cannot be discipline, and then it turns into a chain reaction and destroyingRead MoreThe Role Of Socialization And Its Effect On Society1520 Words   |  7 Pagescultural norms and values to new generations. Although children are socialised by their parents, each family’s norms may differ and so schools are useful to teach universalistic values and expectations. However this process of socialisation causes both positiv e and negative labelling which can stunt student achievement (Nelson Thornes, 2008). When pupils first enter High School they are likely to be put into sets on basis of potential. A students Social class appearance, behaviour or language style can

Analysis Of Victor Hugos Les Misérables - 1097 Words

Author Gail Lynne Goodwin, once said â€Å"True happiness comes from living life in harmony with all that is† (Goodwin). Through this message, Goodwin inspires humanity to live simply and peacefully. Similarly, Victor Hugos Les Misà ©rables enlightens its readers to be selfless, compassionate, and generous. Through his contrast of the values of Bishop Myriel, the Thenardiers, and Jean Valjean, Hugo compels humanity to live a life of virtue and integrity not only for personal happiness, but for the greater good of humanity and, ultimately, the world. Victor Hugo begins Les Misà ©rables with the chapter â€Å"An Upright Man,† which describes Bishop Myriel, the embodiment of perfection. Moreover, the bishop elicits respect, unutterable respect, [that]†¦show more content†¦Thenardiers, on the contrary, reflect the worst of society. Hugo describes them as a hideous species of progress which can be made toward evil†¦ crawl[ing] continually toward darkness†¦becoming steeped more and more thoroughly in an intensifying wickedness† (47), which captures their heinousness and vile motives. Characterized as a species rather than people, the Thenardiers’ actions are too vulgar, malicious, and uncivilized to be associated with humanity, most of whom are kind, friendly, and have the overall progress of the world in mind. In contrast to the rest of society, especially Bishop Myriel, the atrocious family becomes more heartless every day. The Thenardiers lack all morals and fail to understand others’ emotions. Their absence of empathy and kindness result in their cruel treatment of Cosette. Moreover, Fantine sacrifices herself so that her daughter may eat well, dress properly, and, ultimately, have a better life than she did/ could ever give. However, when she gives Cosette to the Thenardiers, they â€Å"look upon the little girl as a child which they shelter[†¦] for charity and [, therefore,] treat[†¦] her as such† (47). In addition to her abuse, hunger, and attire or lack thereof, the wicked family forces Cosette to toil around their inn. Moreover, the Thenardiers take advantage of Fantines naivety and desperation. Their abuse of Cosette reflectsShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Victor Hugos Les Misà ©rables1016 Words   |  5 PagesThis message inspires humanity to live simply and peacefully. Similarly, Victor Hugos Les Misà ©rables enlightens its readers to be selfless, compassionate, and generous. Through his contrast of the values of Bishop Myriel, the Thenar diers, and Jean Valjean, Hugo compels a literate society to live a life of virtue and integrity not only for personal happiness but for the greater good of humanity. Victor Hugo begins Les Misà ©rables with the chapter â€Å"An Upright Man,† which presents Bishop Myriel, the embodimentRead MoreLes Miserables : A French Masterpiece3985 Words   |  16 Pages Les Miserables: A French Masterpiece Introduction Victor-Marie Hugo, is possibly the most renowned French author in history. Born on February 26, 1802 in Besancon, France, Hugo was the youngest of three sons of Count Leopold Sigisbert and Sophie Hugo. Hugo proved himself as a capable writer at a young age gaining Recognition from the French Academy for a poem he wrote when he was only fifteen. At the age of twenty, he published his first book of poetry titled Miscellaneous Odes and VersesRead MoreLes Miserables: an Analysis1421 Words   |  6 PagesLes Misà ©rables By Victor Hugo An Analysis by Neyko Gelo L. 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He grew up in the slums and knew from practical experience the actual conditions of the class struggle in his society.   Absorbing the teachings of classic rationalism from the works of Josà © Rizal, Victor Hugos  Les Miserables,  Eugà ¨ne Sues  The Wandering Jew,  books on the French Revolution, and the lives of the presidents of the United States, Bonifacio acquired an understanding of the dynamics of the sociohistorical process. This led him to join the Liga FilipinaRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 PagesConnections to a wider spectrum of professionals ( greater insight into issue at hand †¢ E.g. 2008 U.S. Presidential Elections (bloggers provide personal opinions about who was likely to win but New York Times invited experts to do a state-by-state analysis presenting results in a full-page spread, culminating in a detailed map showing states Democrats were likely to win) †¢ Anonymity: given free rein to publish any thought that comes to mind †¢ E.g. For every worthwhile video present on the site

Accident Investigation In The Offshore Accident Prevention - Samples

Question: Discuss about the Accident Investigation In The Offshore Accident Prevention. Answer: Introduction Offshore oil extraction is one of the most dangerous job in the world. Workers that reside in the offshore oil rig drilling farms are constantly exposed to the hazardous environment of highly inflammable materials, heavy machinery and harsh weather. These hazardous working conditions often lead in to offshore accidents which result in to fatalities and serious injuries. The most common accidents that occur in an offshore oil rig platform are the explosion and fires. Welding, electrical work, and flammable materials are the common causes of fire in an offshore oil rig. Oil rig fires are difficult to contain and it might take hours or even days to fully extinguish the fire (Ismail et al. 2014). This study is based on the roles played by risk assessment and accident investigation in the offshore accident prevention. It also includes a comparative analysis of two major offshore oil rig accident. Role of risk assessment in the offshore major accident prevention Risk assessment provides an insight of the probable risks that may arise in future if precautionary step are not followed. The role of risk assessment is to find out the several factors that contribute to offshore oil rigs accidents, which are as follows: Flaws in the safety culture- safety norms governs the actions of an organization or a whole industry that has inherent risk associated with it. Safety culture can be attributed to the overall culture of an organization where safety culture is considered as a subset. This subsets reflects the general attitude of an organization towards therisk management and maintenance of safety. Operation that involve risk have an inherent chance of risk occurrence and thus risk assessments are conducted. Themanagement however remains unwilling to listen to any negative analysis and accidents occur when operational flaws are not addressed (Vinnem 2013). Improper implementation from the prior occurrences- accidents occur and even after a proper analysis of the incident, the necessary changes and modifications are not done to prevent its recurrence. Risk assessment here plays a major role in identification of such loop holes that contribute to oil rig accidents in future (Vinnem 2013). Accident investigation in offshore major accident prevention- The importance of accident investigation deeply lies in reducing the chances of recurring of the same incident again. Especially in offshore oil rigs a small mistake and negligence can lead to a disaster. Thus, the role of an accident investigation is to identify the human or the technical error that have led to an offshore oil accident (Xue et al. 2013). Piper Alpha (1988) Piper Alpha is an oil rig platform which was located in North Sea (Piper filed) of United Kingdom. This oil field is located northeast of Aberdeen which is approximately 120 miles. The platform was in 474 feet in water and was operated by a Californian based company called Occidental Petroleum (Cullen 1993). The platform was the United Kingdoms largest and was made up of 4 different modules. The platform used to pump natural gas and crude oil from the 24 different wells which was delivered to the Flotta oil terminal located in Orkney via three pipelines. Piper Alpha used to produce 250,000 barrels per day and later it increased to 300,000 barrels per day. However, it later declined to 125,000 barrels per day (Paik et al. 2011). On 6th July, 1988 work started on one condensate-injection pump (A) which were named as A and B. This was done to compress the gas and transport it to Flotta. From the compressor A, a pressure safety valve was opened for the purpose of recertification and recalibration. The dayshift crew ended work for that day. In the evening time, the second shift started the pump B and also decided to bring the pump A back to service (Cullen 1993). This led to gas leakage and the platform exploded and resulted in the death of 167 men which included a fast rescue craft and 2 operators. 62 men survived because they jumped into the sea from the burning platform (Broadribb 2015). Macondo Blowout (2010) In the year 2008, a company named BP leased a portion of the sea floor located in Gulf of Mexico and is 50 miles from the shores of Louisiana. The plot of the sea floor was named as Macondo. For the purpose of drilling company called Transocean was called. The drilling rig was 122 meter and 400 feet tall, while the drilling was bigger than a football field. On April 20th, 2010 under high pressure methane gas moved up through the drill column. The gas then expanded on the rig and got ignited and eventually exploded. Majority of the workers escaped the catastrophe, while 11 workers were reported to have died from the explosion. The Deepwater Horizon burnt for 36 hours and then it sank. This resulted in to an unpresented oil spill in to the Gulf of Mexico, a huge environmental disaster (Safina 2011). Performance of the safety barriers Safety barriers are the non-physical and the physical ways of planned or integrated in a system to control and prevent accidents and any undesired events. Safety barriers range from multiple technical system or human actions or the amalgamation of both are utilized for the prevention of any accident in offshore oil rigs. Here, the word prevention relies heavily on reduction of the occurrence of any risk (Landucci et al. 2015). Bottomhole Kickoff Assembly (BHKA) is an effective tool which is used to set cement plugs in to on horizontal holes and places which is highly deviated. This tools helps in setting competent and balanced cement plugs and reduces the hassle of adding additional plugs during oil drilling operations (Halliburton 2018). Piper Alpha- the safety barriers that did not function at Piper Alpha are: Communication, passive fire protection, fire protection system, evacuation facilities, delayed decision making, platform layout, permit to work system (Saleh and Pendley 2012). Macondo Blowout- When the blowout occurred, bottomhole cement was the only active barrier. When the mud got removed, an underbalance was created and the blowout preventer (BOP) was open. The BP Company decided not to put any additional barrier in place of the displaced barrier (mud) in the riser. The bottomhole cement turned in to foam which later became unstable and resulted in the accident. Human error occurred when the negative pressure was misinterpreted, and the operators failed to identify the influx during the displacement of the mud (Skogdalen, Utne and Vinnem 2011). Compare and contrast In both the accidents, the major causal factor that caused the accident is the human error. In both Piper alpha and Macondo blowout, the failure to convey the necessary and vital information to the respective responsible people. The major contrasting causal factor is the lack of communication during the shift change in Piper alpha. The dayshift workers ended the day without properly communicating that the pump A was under service, this led to the leakage of gas (Broadribb 2015). While in the Macondo case, a drill test was carried out in which the pressure buildup in to the pipes were not analyzed correctly and this led to an accident. This accident was later called as Macondo blowout (Safina 2011). Conclusion Thus, from the above discussion it can be concluded that, oil rig accidents were the result of mixed failure from both the humans and the safety barriers placed to counter any accident. The malfunction in both the cases occurred due to the errors in human judge and miscommunication. Thus, making both these crucial when operating in an oil rig platform. Accidents in oil rig platforms results in both loss of biodiversity and loss of billions of dollar of money. References BBC News, 2018. Piper Alpha: In their own words. [online] BBC News. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-22840445 [Accessed 12 Feb. 2018]. Broadribb, M.P., 2015. What have we really learned? Twenty five years after Piper Alpha. Process Safety Progress, 34(1), pp.16-23. Bryant, B., 2018. Deepwater Horizon and the Gulf oil spill - the key questions answered. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/apr/20/deepwater-horizon-key-questions-answered [Accessed 12 Feb. 2018]. Cullen, L.W.D., 1993. The public inquiry into the Piper Alpha disaster. Drilling Contractor;(United States), 49(4). Halliburton, 2018. [online] Halliburton.com. 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